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While the world is still trying to emerge from the crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and all the nations are trying to nullify the repercussions caused by it;another outbreak known as the monkeypox virus (MPXV) has recommenced. Human monkeypox, a rare viral zoonosis (an infectious disease that can be transferred from non-human animals to humans), is caused by the MPXV, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus (family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae). Since eradicating smallpox globally in 1977, monkeypox has been the primary orthopoxvirus infection in humans. On July 14, 2022, the first case in India was reported in the Kollam district of Kerala. It manifests with the same symptoms as smallpox, including flu-like symptoms, fever, malaise, headache, back pain, and a characteristic rash. New medications have shown promising results, but more study is needed for the drug's efficacy in endemic settings. The monkeypox virus is a high-danger pathogen that causes a significant disease for public health. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop surveillance capabilities that can yield valuable data for creating suitable preventative, preparedness, and response operations. © 2023,.
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Introduction: Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) hospital is a part of the Harris Health System, which provides comprehensive care to the uninsured and underinsured population in Harris County, TX. LBJ serves a population with 55% unemployment and a median household income of $22000. Access to endoscopy is limited by resource availability, and the completion of scheduled endoscopies is essential for public health. We aimed to assess if insurance status was associated with no- show for scheduled endoscopic procedures at the LBJ GI Lab. Method(s): All patients scheduled for outpatient endoscopy during the year 2021 were collected. Included patients must have completed a GI clinic appointment, anesthesia screening, pre-procedural COVID test, confirmed attendance on pre-procedure call, and not showed for scheduled endoscopy (Figure 1). Patient's insurances statuses were: FAP (county payment assistance), Harris County Prisoners (no costs), Medicare/Medicaid (variable costs), Private Insurance (variable costs), Self-Pay, and Texas Family Planning/HCHD Presumed (temporary FAP) (Table 1). Result(s): Comparative analysis of insurance types demonstrated that patients who were Self-Pay were 5.96 times more likely (P< 0.002) not to show up for previously scheduled endoscopic procedures, while patients with the TFP/HCHD insurance were 10.1 times more likely (P< 0.001) to not show when compared to patients who were covered by the county's FAP. Conclusion(s): Our analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between insurance status and the incidence of no-showing for endoscopy. Upon literature review, there was limited data on rates of endoscopy no-shows in relation to the out-of-pocket commitment for individuals. Further investigation into this topic would significantly affect both the academic and private practice of gastroenterologists. We plan to continue this quality assessment by meeting with the patient eligibility department to assess if modifications of benefit profiles could optimize procedural attendance.
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The whole world is facing a pandemic situation ever since the outbreak of SARSCoV-2 in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia-like situations followed by multisystem failure leading to the death of the individual. Studies from the past coronavirus outbreaks, the SARS, and MERS-CoV, have helped us understand the current SARS-CoV2 to a large extent. Once the host encounters the virus, an innate immune response is generated which subsequently leads to activation of the adaptive immune response to eliminate the virus. However, this immune response is misbalanced in some individuals and is the main factor causing the pathological manifestation of COVID-19. In this chapter, we have addressed the humoral and cellular immune changes induced by the virus along with the role of cytokine storm in disease progression. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
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Objective: To Compare the difference on the inflow of patients before and during COVID-19 on the patients presented at oral & maxillofacial surgery at Advance Dental Care Centre, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Materials &Methods: Medical statistics have been collected for the patients who visited the Advance dental care centre, Liaquat university of medical and health sciences between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. The data collected included age, gender, and extraction of teeth. SPSS version 20.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Result(s): Of all the patients who visited, 3715 were females and 2571 were males, with a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. The youngest patient was 15 years old, and the oldest was 60 years old. The most common cause among patients in 2019 and 2020 was periodontal problems. Conclusion(s): The COVID-19 epidemic affected the population, pattern of oral diseases, its services, and the frequency of visits to advance dental care centre the proportions of patients who were adolescents and elderly people increased, meanwhile the percentage of the conservative treatments increased during the outbreak of COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.
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With the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV2, the incidence of the disease is increasing each day with a higher infectivity rate and unpredictable morbidity and mortality. The second wave in India has higher morbidity and mortality compared to the previous wave of SARS-Cov2. With the increasing trend of screening hypoxic patients with high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of thorax, treatment modalities, and investigational approaches have changed drastically. Here we report a case of a 31-year-old female who presented to a tertiary care centre in the rural area with a history of fever five days back and a history of breathlessness of 3 days duration and dry cough of 3 days duration. She was hypoxic on admission and later on diagnosed with SARS-Cov2 infection. HRCT thorax revealed a CT severity score of 25/25. She was treated according to standard treatment protocols. The patient was discharged after 46 days with normal oxygen saturation on room air. The aim of this case study is to emphasize the wholesome approach in the management of COVID-19.